Abstract: Since the discovery of the unique physical, chemical and biological characteristics of ultrathin twodimensional (2D) nanomaterials, related research has grown exponentially in the fields of material science and biomedicine. Graphene, as the typical example, develops rapidly in the field of tumor therapy because of good water solubility and large surface area. Black phosphorus is regarded as a new super material because of its excellent photoelectric properties and larger surface area. In this review, we summarize the state-ofart progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials as well as combining with ultrasound-related biomedical technology for cancer therapy and diagnosis.