Abstract: Paleopathology can be defined as the study of disease in ancient populations through the examination of human remains. The analysis theory and methods of paleopathology are essential tools in investigating diseases that occurred in ancient populations. The true genesis of the field of human paleopathology is generally considered to occur between the mid nineteenth century and World War Ⅰwhen a number of pioneering physicians and anthropologists clarified the medical nature of ancient skeletal pathologies. This work is consolidated with methods such as radiology, histology and serology, and has been applied more frequently. It is at this point that paleopathology can truly be considered as a scientific discipline on the history of oncology.