Abstract: Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of TRAIL on proliferation and apoptosis of primary human ovarian cancer cell in vitro，and the activation and transportation of NF-κＢ. Methods Primary human ovarian cancer cells were obtained from twelve patients.Each patient's cell was divided to six groups，and treated with TRAIL (5～100 μg/L) for 24～96 h respectively.The ratio of growth inhibition was measured with MTT in primary human ovarian cancer cells.The ratio of apoptosis and the transportation and activation of NF-κＢ were measured by immunofluorescence in primary human ovarian cancer cells. Results The ratio of growth inhibition increased in dose-and time-dependent manner when the concentration was 5，10 or 20 μg/L at 24,48,72h.The ratio of apoptosis increased along with the time lasting.It was (28±1.18)% with concentration of 100μg/L at 24h，and (55±4.12)% at 96h.The level of NF-κＢ in nucleus and cytoplasm was highly expressed. Conclusion TRAIL inhibits proliferation and growth of primary human ovarian cancer cell，and induces apoptosis.It enhances conveying the NF-κＢ from cytolymph to nucleolus.