Abstract: Objective To study the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cervical carcinoma and its relationship with invasion and metastasis and explore the expression of HPV16 DNA in cervical disease and the correlation of IL-6 with HPV16 infection. Methods The expression of IL-6 in 40 cases of CSCC, 38 cases of CIN3, 28 cases of CIN Ⅰ~Ⅱ, 15 cases of normal cervical epithelium was detected by immunohistochemical SP method, and the expression of HPV16 DNA in the four groups were detected by in situ hybridization. Results The positive rate of IL-6 in normal cervical epithelium, CINⅠ~Ⅱ, CINⅢ and CSCC was 46.7%（7/15）,71.4%（20/28）,81.6%（31/38）,87.5%（35/40）respectively. The positive rate of IL-6 in CSCC was significantly higher than in normal controls and CIN Ⅰ~Ⅱ（P<0.05）. The expression of IL-6 was not associated with clinic stage and histological grade, but to metastasis of lymph node. The positive rate of HPV16 DNA in normal cervical epithelium, CIN Ⅰ~Ⅱ, CIN Ⅲ and CSCC was 6.7%（1/15）, 25% (7/28), 65.8% (25/38) and 80%(32/40),respectively，and that was significantly higher in other three group than in normal controls. There was significant difference between CINⅢ and CIN Ⅰ~Ⅱ. The expression of HPV16 DNA was not associated with clinic stage, histological grade and metastasis of lymph node. The expression of IL-6 was positively related to HPV16 DNA (r_s=0.756, P<0.05). Conclusion The high expression of IL-6 in CSCC might be correlated with invasive behavior of cervical carcinoma, and IL-6 might become a useful prognostic indicators for early cervical carcinoma. IL-6 was positively related to HPV16 infection in CSCC, and their synergistic reaction might lead to the development of cervical carcinoma.