Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical significance of PKCα in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The expression of PKCα was deteced in 51 cancer tissues， 21 paracancerous tissues and 11 benign lesions by using immunohistochemistry and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results The positive expression rate of PKCα was 74.5%（38/51）,42.9%（9/21）and 45.5%（5/11）in NSCLC tissues, paracancerous tissues and benign lesions of lung respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference not only among them（P=0.019）but between NSCLC tissues and paracancerous tissues（P=0.010）. It was also found that the expression of PKCα had no significant correlation with all clinical parameters（P＞0.05），PKCα survival curve and PKCα hazard curve of recurrence or metastasis（P＞0.05）. The multivariate Cox regression model revealed that the clinical stage and status of recurrence or metastasis in tumors might be considered as two independent prognostic factors in patients' survival, whose relative risk(RR) value was 2.600 and 0.211 respectively. Conclusion PKCα might be related to the origin and progress of NSCLC，but not be deemed as a marker about evaluating prognosis and recurrence or metastasis in tumors.