Abstract: Objective To investigate the potential risk and protective factors of colorectal cancer in Fujian province. Methods A 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted, which included 286 pairs cases and controls. Standard questionnaire were used in collecting epedemiological factors. The data were analyzed by conditional Logistic regression model. Results Increased risk of colorectal cancer was associated with well water drinking（OR=4.05，95%CI：1.50～10.94）,spring water drinking（OR=7.73，95%CI：2.02～29.54）,cigarette smoking（OR=4.57，95%CI：2.19～9.54）,intaking greasy food （OR=5.35，95%CI：2.21～12.99）,family history of tumor（OR=6.18，95%CI：3.05～12.51）, and disease history of lower digestive tract.Often intaking of coarse food grains decreased the risk of colorectal cancer（OR=0.31，95%CI：0.17～0.53）. Conclusion The occurrence of colorectal cancer seemed to be related with cigarette smoking, deficiency of dietary fiber, drinking well-water and spring-water, intaking greasy food, disease history of lower digestive tract and family history of tumor.