Abstract: Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radical heptoectomy and provide guidance for clinical comprehensive therapy. Methods The clinical data of 145 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radical hepatectomy in the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi meical university from June 2000 to December 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. The univariate analysis were used to determine the possible prognostic factors. Selected key factors were introduced into the Cox proportional hazard model, then multivariate analysis were carried out. Results The 1-,3-and 5-year recurrence rates were 39.3％,68.3% and 82.8% and their overall survival rates were 76.6%,39.3% and 24.1%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that age, tumor capsule formation,tumor capsule invasion, portal vein cancer thrombus, microvessel invasion, tumor diameter and tumor early recurrence were significant prognostic factors.The statistic data in multivariate analysis indicated that tumor early recurrence, portal vein cancer thrombus and micro vessel invasion were independent factors influencing prognosis. Conclusion The prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma is determined by major factors including tumor early recurrence, portal vein cacer thrombus and microvessel invasion. Early detection and early standard treatment of HCC are important to improve cancer prognosis.