Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression and biologic s ignificance of Ki67 antigen and TGF β1 in human hepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the Ki67 a ntigen and TGF β1 in 57 cases of hepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Results 1.The Ki67-Ll of cholangiocarcinoma(35.9±20.0)was sig nificantly higher than that of hepatolithiasis and normal hepatic bile duct ( P＜0.001)；the expression of Ki67 antigen was significantly related to tumor d ifferentiation and the metastases to local lymph nodes (P＜0.01).2.The ex pr ession of TGF β1 was significantly related to the metastases to local lymph no d es (P＜0.01).3.Expression of TGF β1 was in positive correlation with the e xpression of Ki67 antigen (P＜0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of Ki67 antigen can be used as an obj ec tive marker for predicting progonosis of cholangiocarcinoma,increasing expressi on of TGF β1 is related to the carcinogensis and development of cholangiocarci noma.