Abstract: Objective：To study the perioperative dynamic changes of serum VEGF level in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who undergo surgery. Methods：Serum VEGF level was detected in 21 patients with NSCLC who were undergoing surgery by ELISA（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) method before operation and on postoperative day 1，7，14，21，28. At the same time 12 patients with pulmonary benign diseases treated by surgery were studied as the control. Thirty healthy volunteers served to define normal VEGF. Results：(1) Preoperative serum VEGF level(649.20ng/L) in the group of patients with NSCLC was significantly higher compared with the benign or healthy group (respectively：140.70 ng/L and 94.40ng/L,P =0.000). (2) Serum VEGF level was elevated after surgery and the peak was observed on postoperative day +14 (1963.6 ng/L) in NSCLC, the peak was significantly higher than the preoperative level (649.20ng/L) ( P =0.000). Then the levels dropped, but it was still significantly higher than the preoperative level( P =0.000) and the level of the benign disease at the same time ( P =0.000).(3) Tumor size and the differentiation were related to preoperative serum VEGF level ( P ＜0.05). Tumor size, TNM stages and lymph node metastasize correlated with the change of serum VEGF ( P ＜0.05). Conclusion：Conclusions Perioperative serum VEGF level was significantly elevated in patients with NSCLC. Tumor size and the differentiation correlated with preoperative serum VEGF level. Tumor size, TNM stages and lymph node metastasis related to the change of serum VEGF.