Abstract: Objective To explore the expression of Livin gene in childhood acute leukemic(CAL) cells and its significance. Methods Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA of Livin of CAL,including acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL,n=31) and acute myeloid leukemia (ALL,n=22),and non-leukemia group(n=12). Results The positive expression rate of Livin mRNA in CAL was 60.3%,and that of Livin mRNA in ALL cells and AML cells were 61.3% and 59.1%,respectivel.The difference between them was not significant,but higher than that in control group (8.3%).And the remission rate of Livin mRNA positive AL children was lower than that of Livin mRNA negative children. Conclusion The overexpression of Livin mRNA plays an important effect on childhood acute leukemic,which can be used as one of the parameters in the diagnosis,prediction of recurrence and prognosis of the disease.