Abstract: Objective 　Glial cells play essential roles in creation and maintenance of pain state. This study was designed to explore the activation of glial cells in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain, and to find how glial cells influence pain threshold. Methods 　We adapted a model by using repeated int raperitoned injection of vincristine. By immunohistochchemical technique, the expression of specific activation markers of ast rocytes and microglials, glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP) and OX-42 respectively, were examined in brain and lumbar intumescentia. Using RT-PCR analysis techniques, the expression of interleukine-1β( IL-1β) and glial cell line-derived neurot rophic factor ( GDNF) in lumbar intumescentia were tested. Results 　Mechanical hyperalgsia appeared on the 8th>>> day and thermal hyperalgsia appeared on the 5th>>> day of vincristine treatment . Glial cells were obviously active in periaquenductal gray and spinal gray.IL-1βexpression was increased in chemotherapy group, while GDNF was higher in control group. Conclusion 　Glial cells were active in Vincristine-induced neuropathic pain. The change of expression of IL-1βand GDNF were involved in neuropathic pain evoked by vincristine.