Abstract: Abstract:Objective To investigate and compare the short-term effect and safety of rh-endostatin(endostar) combined with chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy for NSCLC. Methods One hundred and four 104 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer confirmed by histopathology or cytopathology, were divided into two groups. Forty-one patients were given rh-endostatin plus chemotherapy (trial group), and 63 patients were given chemotherapy only (control group). The efficacy and toxicity were evaluated after 2 cycles according to RECIST criteria and NCI CTC 3.0 respectively. Results Totally, data from the 104 patients were evaluable. The total response rate (RR) in two groups were 34.15% and 30.16%, and the total clinical benefit rate (CBR) were 73.17% and 71.43%,respectively. The RR of untreated patients was 34.78% and 39.02%, CBR was 73.91% and 80.49%. The RR of retreated patients was 33.33% and 13.64%, CBR was 72.22% and 54.55%. The RR of squamous cell carcinoma was 27.27% and 28.00%, CBR was 81.82% and 72.00%. The RR of adenocarcinoma was 36.67% and 31.58%, CBR was 70.00% and 71.05%. There was no significant difference in patients quality of life in two groups, and the incidence rates of side effect showed no statistical difference between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The chemotherapy combined with rh-endostatin tended to show a better efficacy than chemotherapy alone and was well-tolerated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, especially for the retreated patients.