Abstract: The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) issued the new version of the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC in April 2023.The new version updated the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy of rare oncogenic mutations, including ROS1 fusion, BRAF V600E mutation, NTRK fusion, MET exon 14 skipping mutation, RET fusion, and EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation, in NSCLC.This review will interpret the most important updates in the guidelines 2023 regarding the diagnosis as well as first-line and post-line therapies of these rare oncogenic mutations.